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Hypertension
Acamprosate 333mg Tablets 168’s
KShs 10,120.00- Description
- Acamprosate, calcium acetylhomotaurinate, is a synthetic compound with a chemical structure similar to the amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the amino acid neuro-modulator taurine. Acamprosate is available by prescription as a 333-mg tablet, and the recommended dosage regimen is two 333-mg tablets taken orally three times a day. Acamprosate is used along with counseling and social support to help people who have stopped drinking large amounts of alcohol (alcoholism) to avoid drinking alcohol again. Drinking alcohol for a long time changes the way the brain works. Acamprosate helps the brains of people who have drunk large amounts of alcohol to work normally again. Acamprosate works by restoring the natural balance of chemicals in the brain (neurotransmitters).
- How to use
- Acamprosate comes as a delayed-release (releases the medication in the intestine) tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken with or without food three times a day. To help you remember to take acamprosate, take it around the same times every day. Taking acamprosate with breakfast, lunch, and dinner may help you to remember all three doses. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take acamprosate exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
- Precautions
- Before taking acamprosate: -tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to acamprosate, any other medications, sulfites, or any of the ingredients in acamprosate tablets. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients. -tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention antidepressants (‘mood elevators’). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects. -tell your doctor if you are thinking of, or have ever thought of, harming or killing yourself, if you have ever tried to do so, or if you use or have ever used street drugs or have overused prescription medications. Also tell your doctor if you have or have ever had depression or kidney disease. -tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking acamprosate, call your doctor.
Acetazolamide 250mg Tablest 112’s
KShs 4,550.00- Description
- Acetazolamide 250 mg Tablets (referred to as Acetazolamide 250 mg Tablets throughout this leaflet) contain the active substance Acetazolamide. This belongs to a group of medicines known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Acetazolamide 250 mg Tablets are used to treat: •glaucoma (a condition of the eye), by reducing the pressure within the eye. •abnormal retention of fluids (Acetazolamide 250 mg Tablets acts as a diuretic). •epilepsy (fits or convulsions).
- How to use
- The recommended dose is Glaucoma: Adults: 250 mg-1000 mg (1-4 tablets) every 24 hours, in divided doses. Retention of fluid: Adults: starting dose is 250-375 mg (1-1.5 tablets) once daily in the morning. Your doctor will adjust the dose and tell you how often to take your dose. Epilepsy: Adults: 250-1000 mg daily in divided doses. Children: the dose will depend on the body weight of the child, to be taken in divided doses. Dose should not be more than 750 mg (3 tablets) per day. •Before starting and during treatment your doctor may monitor your blood to check that treatment with Acetazolamide250 mg Tablets is suitable for you.
- Precautions
- Do not take Acetazolamide 250 mg Tablets if: •you know you are allergic to sulphonamides, sulphonamide derivatives including acetazolamide or to any of the ingredients in the medicine. •you have severe liver problems,•you have or have ever had severe kidney problems. •you have a particular type of glaucoma known as chronic non congestive angle closure glaucoma (your doctor will be able to advise you)• you have reduced function of the adrenal glands–glands above the kidneys – (also known as Addison’s disease). •you have low blood levels of sodium and/or potassium or high blood levels of chlorine (your doctor will advise you). Speak to your doctor if any of the above applies to you.
Adalat LA 30mg Tablets 30’s
KShs 2,425.00- Description
- Adalat LA contains nifedipine, which belongs to a group of medicines called calcium antagonists. Adalat LA is used to treat high blood pressure or angina (chest pain).For high blood pressure: Adalat LA works by relaxing and expanding the blood vessels.This makes the blood flow more easily and lowers blood pressure.Lower blood pressure reduces the strain on your heart.For angina: Adalat LA works by relaxing and expanding the arteries supplying the heart. This allows more blood and oxygen to reach the heart and decreases the strain on it. Your angina attacks will be less severe and less frequent if there is less strain on the heart.
Qualitative and quantitative composition:
Each prolonged-release tablet contains 30 mg nifedipine. Each tablet contains a 10% overage of nifedipine to deliver the label claim.
Therapeutic indications:
For the treatment of all grades of hypertension. For the prophylaxis of chronic stable angina pectoris either as monotherapy or in combination with a beta-blocker. - How to use
- Posology: In mild to moderate hypertension, the recommended initial dose is one 20 mg tablet once-daily. In severe hypertension, the recommended initial dose is one 30 mg tablet once-daily. If necessary, the dosage can be increased according to individual requirements up to a maximum of 90 mg once-daily. For the prophylaxis of angina pectoris, the recommended initial dose is one 30 mg tablet once-daily. The dosage can be increased according to individual requirements up to a maximum of 90 mg once-daily. Patients in whom hypertension or anginal symptoms are controlled on Adalat capsules or Adalat retard may be safely switched to Adalat LA. Prophylactic anti-anginal efficacy is maintained when patients are switched from other calcium antagonists such as diltiazem or verapamil to Adalat LA. Patients switched from other calcium antagonists should initiate therapy at the recommended initial dose of 30 mg Adalat LA once-daily. Subsequent titration to a higher dose may be initiated as warranted clinically. Co-administration with CYP 3A4 inhibitors or CYP 3A4 inducers may result in the recommendation to adapt the nifedipine dose or not to use nifedipine at all.
Method of administration: Oral use.
The tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water, either with or without food. The tablets should be taken at approximately 24-hour intervals, i.e. at the same time each day, preferably during the morning. Adalat LA tablets must be swallowed whole; under no circumstances should they be bitten, chewed or broken up. Adalat LA should not be taken with grapefruit juice. - Precautions
- Contraindications: -Adalat LA should not be administered to patients with known hypersensitivity to the active substance, or to other dihydropyridines because of the theoretical risk of cross-reactivity, or to any of the excipients listed. -Adalat LA should not be used in cases of cardiogenic shock, clinically significant aortic stenosis, unstable angina, or during or within one month of a myocardial infarction. -Adalat LA should not be used for the treatment of acute attacks of angina. The safety of Adalat LA in malignant hypertension has not been established. Adalat LA should not be used for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. Owing to the duration of action of the formulation, Adalat LA should not be administered to patients with hepatic impairment. -Adalat LA should not be administered to patients with a history of gastro-intestinal obstruction, oesophageal obstruction, or any degree of decreased lumen diameter of the gastro-intestinal tract. -Adalat LA must not be used in patients with a Kock pouch (ileostomy after proctocolectomy). Adalat LA is contra-indicated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn’s disease. Adalat LA should not be administered concomitantly with rifampicin since effective plasma levels of nifedipine may not be achieved owing to enzyme induction.
Advant 16mg Tabs 14’s
KShs 1,354.00- Description
- ADVANT (Candesartan cilexetil), a prodrug, is hydrolyzed to candesartanduring absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Candesartan is a selective AT1 subtype angiotensin II receptor antagonist. ADVANT Tablets 16mg: Each tablet contains Candesartan cilexetil 16mg. THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS: Hypertension- ADVANT (Candesartan cilexetil) is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults and children 1 to < 17 years of age. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Heart Failure: -ADVANT (Candesartan cilexetil) is indicated for the treatment of heart failure (NYHA class II-IV) in adults with left ventricular systolic dysfunction(<40%) to reduce cardiovascular death and to reduce heart failurehospitalizations. ADVANT (Candesartan cilexetil) also has an added effect on these outcomes when used with an ACE inhibitor.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Angiotensin II is formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, kinase II). Angiotensin II is the principal pressor agent of the renin-angiotensin system, with effects that include vasoconstriction, stimulation of synthesis and release of aldosterone, cardiac stimulation and renal re-absorption of sodium. Candesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in many tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland. Its action is, therefore, independent of the pathways for angiotensin II synthesis. Candesartan cilexetil is rapidly converted to the active drug, candesartan,by ester hydrolysis during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Candesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, selective for AT1receptors, with tight binding to and slow dissociation from the receptor. It has no agonist activity. ACE inhibitors also inhibit the degradation of bradykinin, a reaction also catalyzed by ACE. Because candesartan does not inhibit ACE (kinase II), it does not affect the response to bradykinin. Candesartan does not bind to or block other hormone receptors or ion channels known to be important in cardio vascular regulation. Blockade of the angiotensin II receptor inhibits the negative regulatoryfeedback of angiotensin II on renin secretion, but the resulting increased plasma renin activity and angiotensin II circulating levels do not overcome the effect of candesartan on blood pressure. - How to use
- DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Hypertension- Adults Dosage must be individualized. Response is dose related over the range of 2 to 32 mg. The usual recommended starting dose of ADVANT(Candesartan cilexetil) is 16 mg once daily when it is used as mono-therapy in patients who are not volume depleted. ADVANT (Candesartan cilexetil) can be administered once or twice daily with total daily doses ranging from 8 mg to 32 mg. Most of the antihypertensive effect is present within 2 weeks and maximal blood pressure reduction is generally obtained within 4 to 6weeks of treatment with ADVANT( Candesartan cilexetil ). ADVANT (Candesartan cilexetil) may be administered with or without food. Pediatrics: ADVANT (Candesartan cilexetil) may be administered once daily or divided into two equal doses. Adjust the dosage according to blood pressure response. For patients with possible depletion of intravascular volume (e.g.,patients treated with diuretics, particularly those with impaired renal function) ,initiate ADVANT (Candesartan cilexetil) under close medical supervision and consider administration of a lower dose.
Children 1 to <6 years of age: The dose range is 0.05 to 0.4 mg/kg per day. The recommended starting dose is 0.20 mg/kg.
Children 6 to <17 years of age: For those less than 50 kg, the dose range is 2 to 16 mg per day. The recommended starting dose is 4 to 8 mg. For those greater than 50 kg, the dose range is 4 to 32 mg per day. The recommended starting dose is 8 to 16 mg. An antihypertensive effect is usually present within 2 weeks, with full effect generally obtained within 4 weeks of treatment with ADVANT (Candesartan cilexetil). Children < 1 year of age must not receive ADVANT (Candesartan cilexetil) for hypertension.
Heart Failure: The recommended initial dose for treating heart failure is 4 mg once daily. The target dose is 32 mg once daily, which is achieved by doubling thedose at approximately 2-week intervals, as tolerated by the patient. - Precautions
- CONTRAINDICATIONS: Candesartan cilexetil is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to this drug or any component of this product.
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS: General -As with any antihypertensive agent, excessive blood pressure decrease in patients with ischaemic cardiopathy or ischaemic cerebrovascular disease could result in a myocardial infarction or stroke.
Aldomet 500mg Tablets 30’s
KShs 1,270.00- Description
- ALDOMET (Methyldopa) is an antihypertensive drug. Methyldopa, the L-isomer of alpha-methyldopa, is levo-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylalanine. Its empirical formula is C10H13NO4, with a molecular weight of 211.22. ‘Aldomet’ Tablets 500 mg, contain methyldopa equivalent to 500 mg anhydrous methyldopa. Inactive ingredients in the tablets are: calcium di-sodium edetate, cellulose, citric acid, colloidal silicon dioxide, D&C Yellow 10, ethylcellulose, guar gum, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, iron oxide, magnesium stearate, propylene glycol, talc, and titanium dioxide.
- How to use
- Use in adults:
Initial dosage: Usually 250 mg two or three times a day, for two days. Adjustment: Usually adjusted at intervals of not less than two days, until an adequate response is obtained. The maximum recommended daily dosage is 3 g. Many patients experience sedation for two or three days when therapy with ‘Aldomet’ is started or when the dose is increased. When increasing the dosage, therefore, it may be desirable to increase the evening dose first. Withdrawal of ‘Aldomet’ is followed by return of hypertension, usually within 48 hours. This is not complicated generally by an overshoot of blood pressure.
Patients with renal impairment:Methyldopa is largely excreted by the kidney, and patients with impaired renal function may respond to smaller doses.
Other antihypertensives:Therapy with ‘Aldomet’ may be initiated in most patients already on treatment with other antihypertensive agents by terminating these antihypertensive medications gradually, as required. Following such previous antihypertensive therapy, ‘Aldomet’ should be limited to an initial dose of not more than 500 mg daily and increased as required at intervals of not less than two days. When methyldopa is given to patients on other antihypertensives the dose of these agents may need to be adjusted to effect a smooth transition.
When 500 mg of ‘Aldomet’ is added to 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide, the two agents may be given together once daily.
Paediatric population: initial dosage is based on 10 mg/kg of bodyweight daily in 2-4 oral doses. The daily dosage is then increased or decreased until an adequate response is achieved. The maximum dosage is 65 mg/kg or 3.0 g daily, whichever is less. - Precautions
- Contraindications: ‘Aldomet’ is contra-indicated in patients with:• active hepatic disease, such as acute hepatitis and active cirrhosis.• hypersensitivity to the active substance (including hepatic disorders associated with previous methyldopa therapy), or to any of the excipients listed.• depression.• on therapy with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).• with a catecholamine-secreting tumour such as phaeochromocytoma or paraganglioma.• with porphyria.